Endosteal Implant: Pros and Cons, Meaning & Definition, Endosseous vs Eposteal Implants

Content:

• What is Endosteal Implant?
• Meaning & Definition
• Pros and Cons
• Endosseous vs Eposteal Implants

What is Endosteal Implant?

An Endosteal implant is the most common type of dental implant used in modern dentistry to replace missing teeth. These implants are surgically inserted directly into the jawbone and act as artificial roots that support crowns, bridges, or dentures. Typically made of titanium or titanium alloys, endosteal implants are biocompatible, meaning they integrate well with the surrounding bone through a process called osseointegration.

Endosteal implants are generally placed in patients with sufficient bone density and healthy gums. They come in different shapes, such as screw, cylinder, or blade forms, depending on the clinical situation. After placement, the implant fuses with the jawbone over several months, creating a strong and stable foundation for the final restoration, which functions and feels similar to natural teeth.

Meaning & Definition

The term endosteal literally means “within the bone.” In dentistry, it refers to implants that are surgically positioned inside the alveolar or basal bone of the mandible or maxilla. These implants are inserted below the gum line, directly into the bone, unlike some other implant types that rest on top of the jaw.

By definition, an endosteal implant is a fixture that supports prosthetic components by anchoring within the bone structure. It is contrasted with subperiosteal implants, which are placed on the bone but under the gum tissue. Endosteal implants have become the gold standard for tooth replacement because of their long-term success, stability, and ability to support both single and multiple tooth restorations.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

• High success rate when placed in suitable candidates with healthy bone.
• Long-lasting and durable solution for tooth replacement.
• Supports crowns, bridges, or full dentures effectively.
• Preserves bone structure by stimulating the jawbone, preventing resorption.
• Feels and functions like natural teeth, improving comfort and chewing ability.

Cons:

• Requires sufficient bone volume; bone grafting may be necessary in some cases.
• Involves a surgical procedure, which carries some risks such as infection or nerve injury.
• Healing time can be several months before the final prosthesis is placed.
• More expensive than removable prosthetics.
• Not ideal for patients with certain systemic conditions or inadequate oral hygiene.

Endosseous vs Eposteal Implants

Endosseous implants (another term for endosteal implants) are placed inside the bone and depend on osseointegration for stability. They provide a strong foundation and are the preferred choice for most patients with adequate bone volume. Their placement typically involves a two-stage process — surgical insertion followed by a healing period, after which the prosthetic crown or bridge is attached.

Eposteal implants (also known as subperiosteal implants) are placed on top of the bone but beneath the gum tissue. They consist of a custom metal framework that sits over the jawbone, with posts protruding through the gums to support prosthetic teeth. These implants were more common before bone grafting became routine but are now used primarily when patients lack sufficient bone and cannot undergo bone augmentation. While less invasive to the bone, eposteal implants generally have lower long-term success rates compared to endosseous implants.